Due to widespread risk factors such as obesity and smoking, the prevalence of hypertension and subsequent myocardial hypertrophy is rising, which poses a significant public health burden in an aging population ( Benjamin et al., 2018). Left ventricular hypertrophy is a consequence of hypertension in up to 30% of patients ( Cramariuc and Gerdts, 2016). ![]() In vitro modeling serves as a vital tool for this further pathway analysis and treatment testing and has vastly improved over the recent years, providing a less costly and labor-intensive alternative to in vivo animal models. More recently discovered pathways showed the involvement of several non-coding RNAs, including micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which either promote or inhibit the remodeling process and pose a possible target for novel therapy approaches. Although several important pathways involved in the remodeling and hypertrophy process have been identified, further research is needed to achieve a better understanding and explore new and better treatment options. Pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive response to stress conditions, such as pressure overload, and involve a number of changes in cellular mechanisms, gene expression and pathway regulations. ![]() ![]() Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaĬardiac hypertrophy is an ongoing clinical challenge, as risk factors such as obesity, smoking and increasing age become more widespread, which lead to an increasing prevalence of developing hypertrophy.Nina Kastner † Katrin Zlabinger † Andreas Spannbauer Denise Traxler Julia Mester-Tonczar Ena Hašimbegović Mariann Gyöngyösi *
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